J. R. R. Tolkien
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J. R. R. Tolkien, born John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (1892–1973), was orphaned at the age of 12, and grew up in the West Midlands area of England. He became a Professor of Anglo-Saxon (Old English) at the University of Oxford. He is best known for his works of fiction, which include the children's novel The Hobbit, published in 1937, and the epic fantasy novel The Lord of the Rings (1954–1955), which was published in three volumes. Both works are set in a lovingly detailed fantasy world he christened Middle-earth.
Tolkien helped found a group known as "The Inklings," whose members met regularly for conversation and readings from their works-in-progress. Other members included Neville Coghill, Hugo Dyson, Owen Barfield, Charles Williams, and one of Tolkien's closest friends, C. S. Lewis.
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